Enterobacteriaceae in Indian Hospitals: Report from the

a gene encoding a variant of the carbapenemase OXA-48, named blaOXA-181. One E. cloacae strain harbored blaVIM-6, and one K. pneumoniae strain carrying blaOXA-181 also possessed blaVIM-5. Multiple pulsed-field gel electrophoresis patterns and clonal dissemination within and among sites were observed. Isolates producing NDM-1 were disseminated in Indian health care facilities as early as 2006. NDM-1 (New Delhi metallo--lactamase 1), which was ini-tially reported for Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli strains from India, now has been detected in several enterobac-terial strains and in different countries (3, 6, 8, 10–13, 15). In this study, we report occurrences and characterizations of car-bapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae collected from In-dian hospitals during 2006 and 2007, including isolates produc-ing NDM-1, VIM enzymes, and a variant of the OXA-48 carbapenemase OXA-181. A total of 1,443 isolates of Enterobacteriaceae were collected from 14 hospitals in India as part of the SENTRY Antimicro