Northwest economic adjustment initiative assessment: Lessons learned for American Indian community and economic development. Economic Development Quarterly

Economic development interventions often do not account for the social, cultural, and political differences among populations being served. Factors that make eco-nomic development projects successful in Native American communities are not well known or adequately studied. Drawing on a capital asset framework and the gover-nance hypothesis advanced by Cornell and Kalt, the authors analyze how six Pacific Northwest tribes applied Northwest Economic Adjustment Initiative funds to diverse projects, which strategies were successful, and why. The data presented show that culturally congruent, community-based projects that meet multiple tribal goals are particularly successful. The authors discuss the necessity of investing in tribal cultural, institutional, and social capital, the value of efficient tribal bureaucracy that maxi-mizes the benefits of sovereignty, the particular importance of building outside enti-ties ’ understanding of tribal legal and cultural differences, and how the initiative interfaced with existing tribal structures. They offer lessons learned for tribal eco-nomic and community development