1 Combining farm simulation with frontier efficiency analysis

farming systems The model used, GAMEDE, is a “whole-farm ” dynamic model composed of 6 biophysical modules and a management system (Vayssières et al, 2009). This simulation model gives accurate predictions for various sustainability indicators (labor, energy consumption, production, nitrogen leaks to the environment…) to characterize observed or hypothetical farms. As GAMEDE is based on a stock-flow approach, we can monitor the farm stocks (slurry, fodders…) over time. GAMEDE also gives a full description of management operations of the production system. The GAMEDE model is randomly parameterized with the objective to cover the realm of the possible production systems by simulation. Key issues of the methodology are selecting input parameters and defining lower and upper bounds to these parameters. Expert knowledge is very useful to define these bounds. Even though the simulation approach constitutes a relevant tool for describing the production system, it can not provide a full efficiency analysis taking into account multiple input parameters. We suggest combining GAMEDE with “Data Envelopment Analysis ” (DEA) to assess the efficiency of a large variety of simulated farms (frontier efficiency analysis). Each farm is characterized by different structural an