Examining the Mechanisms of Phantom Limb Pain

Abstract. Phantom limb pain (PLP) is pain (shooting, stabbing) emanating from the missing limb(s) and is the most prevalent amputee-related pain. Therefore, it is important for clinicians who treat amputees to understand the underlying mechanisms of PLP. The purpose of this study was to review the literature on PLP and collaborate with amputees to identify its possible origins. Potential sources involved both peripheral and central locations within the nervous system. Our findings suggest multilevel neuroplasticity primarily located in the peripheral nerves, spinal cord and/or thalamocortical networks, indicating the need for diverse methods of treatment