Word level confidence annotation using combinations of features

This paper describes the development of a word-level confidence metric suitable for use in a dialog system. Two aspects of the problems are investigated: the identification of useful features and the selection of an effective classifier. We find that two parse-level features, Parsing-Mode and Slot-Backoff-Mode, provide annotation accuracy comparable to that observed for decoder-level features. However, both decoder-level and parse-level features independently contribute to confidence annotation accuracy. In comparing different classification techniques, we found that Support Vector Machines (SVMs) appear to provide the best accuracy. Overall we achieve 39.7 % reduction in annotation uncertainty for a binary confidence decision in a travel-planning domain. 1