RESEARCH ARTICLE Association of HbA1c and d n

has not been fully elucidated, even when aAvenida Carlos Haya s/n., 29010 Malaga, Spain Full list of author information is available at the end of the articleChronic kidney disease (CKD), evidenced by either albu-minuria or decreased kidney function, is increasing worldwide, especially in individuals with metabolic ab-normalities, including dysglycemic disorders [1,2]. In addition, much research has demonstrated a significant relationship between components of the cardiometabolic syndrome and both CKD and cardiovascular disease (CVD), irrespective of the presence of diabetes mellitus istic link between metabolic abnormalities and adverse renal and cardiovascular events seems likely. The glycated hemoglobin concentration (HbA1c) is a useful indicator of mean blood glucose concentrations over the preceding 3 months, but it may also unmask dysglycemic disorders, including the prediabetic state. Epidemiological studies have reported that higher HbA1c values were strongly associated with microvascu-lar diabetic complications, and CVD and all-cause mor-tality in populations with and without diabetes [7-11]. However, the linear relationship between HbA1c con-centrations and the presence of CKD in the genera