ii Acknowledgments I would not have been able to complete this dissertation without the help and support of the following people. I would like to give them my sincere gratitude: Dan Ferris: Thank you for giving me the opportunity to earn my PhD at an outstanding University with an outstanding advisor. You gave me the freedom to pursue research in the areas that I was interested in. You also never let me settle. Your enthusiasm and support inspired me to keep going in times of frustration and self-doubt. I was so fortunate to have met you at Berkeley. Thanks for helping me see the glass half full. Rachael Seidler: You showed interest in my research and always helped me to see things from a different perspective. Your questions and suggestion...