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fl epithelial responses. ROS response, several antimicrobial peptides (e.g., Diptericin)stress pathways that limit damage caused by pathogens. The concerted action of these two mechanisms is illustrated during infection in the Drosophila gut where both immune and repair renewal of the epithelium damaged by infection (Buchon et al., 2009a; Chatterjee and Ip, 2009; Jiang et al., 2009). Upon damage, epithelial renewal of the Drosophila gut is stimulatedmechanisms are required to limit pathogenesis (Buchon et al., 2009a; Chatterjee and Ip, 2009). In the outcome of disease, the respective contribution of damage caused directly by the path-by the release of the secreted ligands Upd3, Vein, and Keren, which activate the JAK/STAT and EGFR pathways in intestinal Pathogenic bacteria are usually defined by their capacity to inflict damage to their host either directly (e.g., through th