Leptospira Infection Prevalence in Small Mammal Host Populations on Three Hawaiian Islands

Abstract. We describe the geographic distribution and variation in host-pathogen specificity for Leptospira-infected small mammals collected concurrently from three Hawaiian Islands over a period of 14 years: 1990–2003. Four serogroups (Icterohaemorrhagiae, Ballum, Sejroe, and Australis) were identified from the 15,171 animals tested. Serogroup preva-lence differed across host species and islands (P < 0.0001 for each), but not across years. The host associations and bio-geographic patterns of Leptospira in Hawaii indicate a pathogen community shaped by ecological factors