EFFECTS OF FERTILISERS ON WINTER

ABSTRACT: Effects of fertilisers on the grain yield (t ha—1) and the development of mycobiota, especially of the Fusarium species, in winter wheat kernels were observed. Fer-tilisers were applied in the following variants: T1 — 30 m3 of slurry (pre-sowing treatment) and 25 m3 of slurry (top-dressing), T2 — 22.500 kg of manure (pre-sowing treatment) and 220 kg of urea (top-dressing), T3 — 300 kg of urea (top-dressing) and T4 — the control without application of fertilisers. The average wheat grain yield was the highest in the treatment T2 (6.9 t ha—1), then in T3 (6.3 t ha—1) and T1 (6.2 t ha—1), while the lowest wheat grain yield (4.3 t ha—1) was registered in the control (T4). Fungi of genera Alternaria (88.8—96.3%) and Fusarium (3.7—11.1%) were mainly isolated from all wheat kernel samples collected after harvest (T1—T4). Species of the genus Dreschlera were isolated in treatments T1 (0.3%) and T2 (0.2%). The species Stemphylium botryosum was isolated only in the treatment T1 (0.2%). F. graminearum (3.5—10.8%) was isolated from wheat kernels in all observed treatments, while F. sporotrichioides was isolated in treatments T1 (0.6%), T2 (0.5%) and T3 (0.3%). F. poae (0.3%) and F. subglutinans (0.2%) were isolated in the treatment T2, while F. gra