TRANSFUSION MEDICINE Extracellular DNA traps are associated with the pathogenesis of TRALI in humans and mice

Transfusion-related acute lung injury (TRALI) is the leading cause of transfusion-related death. The biologic processes contributing to TRALI are poorly understood. All blood products can cause TRALI, and no specific treat-ment is available. A “2-event model ” has been proposed as the trigger. The first event may include surgery, trauma, or infection; the second involves the transfu-sion of antileukocyte antibodies or bioac-tive lipids within the blood product. To-gether, these events induce neutrophil activation in the lungs, causing endothe-lial damage and capillary leakage. Neutro