Linguistic and Psychometric Validation of the Diabetes-Specific Quality-of-Life Scale in U.K. English for AdultsWith Type 1 Diabetes

OBJECTIVEdTo develop a linguistically and psychometrically validated U.K. English (U.K./ Ireland) version of the Diabetes-Specific Quality-of-Life Scale (DSQOLS) for adults with type 1 diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODSdWe conducted independent forward and backward translation of the validated German DSQOLS. An iterative interview study with health professionals (n = 3) and adults with type 1 diabetes (n = 8) established linguistic validity. The DSQOLS was included in three Dose Adjustment for Normal Eating (DAFNE) studies (total N = 1,071). Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was undertaken to examine questionnaire structure. Concurrent and discriminant validity, internal consistency, and reliability were assessed. RESULTSdEFA indicated a six-factor structure for the DSQOLS (social aspects, fear of hy-poglycemia, dietary restrictions, physical complaints, anxiety about the future, and daily has-sles). High internal consistency reliability was found for these factors and the weighted treatment satisfaction scale (a = 0.85–0.94). All subscales were moderately, positively correlated with the Audit of Diabetes–Dependent Quality-of-Life (ADDQoL) measure, demonstrating evidence of concurrent validity. Lower DSQOLS subscale scores [indicating impaired quality of life (QoL)