The 1976 presidential debates were evaluated as an innovation in political communication formats that might overcome existing gaps in electoral participation between the more and less active sectors of society. The equivalence of effects of debate-watching and related behaviors was ex-amined for different levels of age, education, and political interest. The debates were also compared to standard sources of political information. The debates and the processes they stimulated tended to be nonequivalent in exposure, but equivalent in predictive strength. That is, those initially most interested in politics spent more time watching the debates, but did not show greater gains in informed participation per amount of exposure than did other respo...
The last Presidential election of the twentieth century is over; and, as the United States quickly a...
We demonstrate that the news media’s “spin ” or analysis following the last presiden-tial debate in ...
In theory, candidate debates can influence voters by providing information about candidates' quality...
Lindsay H. HoffmanEach presidential debate is different, with different candidates, issues, and over...
This article examines how different modes of exposure to debates between presidential candidates aff...
Recent research has found that the levels of incivility in televised debate exchanges adversely affe...
Presidential debates are a main feature of present-day presidential campaigns. For voters, they are ...
This experimental research examines how different presentation modalities in presidential debates an...
Scholars and journalists have long disagreed about the importance of presidential debates for influe...
Patterned after a 1976 study, a study examined.voters, decision making during the 1980 campaign for ...
Mass media exposure to election campaigns was hypothesized as influent-' ing beliefs about the ...
This study examines how exposure to a televised debate affects young citizens’ normative democratic ...
The Annenberg Debate Reform Working Group was created by the Annenberg Public Policy Center of the U...
A primary goal of this study was to confirm the effect that presidential debate have on viewers as w...
The primary goal of this study is to investigate whether and how elite debates stimulate citizens to...
The last Presidential election of the twentieth century is over; and, as the United States quickly a...
We demonstrate that the news media’s “spin ” or analysis following the last presiden-tial debate in ...
In theory, candidate debates can influence voters by providing information about candidates' quality...
Lindsay H. HoffmanEach presidential debate is different, with different candidates, issues, and over...
This article examines how different modes of exposure to debates between presidential candidates aff...
Recent research has found that the levels of incivility in televised debate exchanges adversely affe...
Presidential debates are a main feature of present-day presidential campaigns. For voters, they are ...
This experimental research examines how different presentation modalities in presidential debates an...
Scholars and journalists have long disagreed about the importance of presidential debates for influe...
Patterned after a 1976 study, a study examined.voters, decision making during the 1980 campaign for ...
Mass media exposure to election campaigns was hypothesized as influent-' ing beliefs about the ...
This study examines how exposure to a televised debate affects young citizens’ normative democratic ...
The Annenberg Debate Reform Working Group was created by the Annenberg Public Policy Center of the U...
A primary goal of this study was to confirm the effect that presidential debate have on viewers as w...
The primary goal of this study is to investigate whether and how elite debates stimulate citizens to...
The last Presidential election of the twentieth century is over; and, as the United States quickly a...
We demonstrate that the news media’s “spin ” or analysis following the last presiden-tial debate in ...
In theory, candidate debates can influence voters by providing information about candidates' quality...