Antigenic and genetic characterization of Borrelia species isolated from Ixodes persulcatus

HT59) isolated from Ixodes persulcatus adult ticks in Hokkaido, Japan, were selected and analyzed by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, with monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies, and by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. The protein profiles of the borrelial isolates were variable and markedly different from that of the type strain Borrelia burgdorfieri B31. The 41-kDa flagellin protein was present in all isolates, but the outer surface protein A (OspA) was absent in four isolates (HT15, HT2, HT20, and HT32). The molecular weights of the OspA proteins in six isolates were found to differ from one isolate to another. No two isolates examined had the same plasmid profile. These findings show the antigenic and genetic heterogeneity of the Japanese isolates, and some isolates are strikingly different from North American, European, and Asian strains. Lyme disease is a multisystem disorder associated with skin rash, arthritis, and neurologic and cardiac manifesta-tions (18, 27). The etiologic agent of Lyme disease, Borrelia burgdorferi, was discovered by Burgdorfer et al. in 1982 (9), and in 1984, Johnson et al. (15) described this organism as a new species of the genus Borrelia. Since then, B. burgdorferi has been isolated from or detected in patients, rodents, an