10.1177/0007650304262962ARTICLEBUSINESS & SOCIETY / March 2004Sharfman et al. / CORPORATE ENVIRONMENTAL PERFORMANCE A Model of the Global and Institutional Antecedents of High-Level Corporate Environmental Performance

Stories of firms that exceed local compliance requirements in their environmental performance appear routinely. However, we have limited theoretical explanations of what propels these firms to exceed compliance. Our theory suggests that global competitive and institutional pressures lead multinational firms to develop high-level, environmental management systems (EMS) that make them more competi-tive. For economic and other reasons, select firms make the choice to rationalize their collective environmental performance to the highest common denominator rather than the lowest. Regulations around the world differ widely and are a mov-ing target in many settings. The need to comply with such myriad, shifting rules leads to firms creating EMS to help stay ahead of regulations worldwide. Using in-stitutional and internationalization theories as our basis, we offer a propositional model concerning global competitive/institutional pressures and their effects on corporate environmental performance. We conclude the paper with a discussion of the implications of the model