THE USES AND MEANINGS OF THE FEMALE TITLE MS.

abstract: This article examines the use of the female title Ms. by students, faculty, and staff at a Midwestern university in the United States using data generated with the written survey used by Donna Lillian (1993) in a similar study in Canada. Findings show that faculty are fairly consistent in their understanding of Ms. as a neutral title to be used for all women and are more likely to choose this title than students and staff. Student responses show a wide range of meanings for Ms., with the meanings ‘young ’ and ‘single ’ being the most common. Female students were far less likely to select Ms. than male students, showing a gender gap in the student data that is not seen in the staff and faculty reponses. These data show multiple meanings and patterns of female title use in the United States today, with little evidence pointing toward a decrease in this variation. Although Ms. as a title for women did not become a social and politi-cal issue until the 1970s, it was originally introduced in the 1930s and was used to some extent in the business community in the 1950s. During the woman’s movement that began in the 1960s in the United States, the ter