Arthritis Education: Opportunities and State of the

Health education research in arthntis and musculoskeletal disease experienced ex-traordinary growth in the 1980s. In this article we discuss opportumties for health edu-cation in arthritis and musculoskeletal disease, and the effectiveness of evaluated pro-grams to influence knowledge, behavior, and health status of persons with arthritis. Additionally, we review developments in theory and trends in research that we expect to be influential in the next decade. Educational opportunities for primary prevention of arthritis are limited. However, a large variety of organized programs, planned according to commonly accepted principles of education, psychology, and psychotherapy, and applied consistently by personnel with some kind of training, have been able to produce desirable changes in knowledge, be-havior, and health outcome in arthritis patients, over and above the medical treatment and incidental education to which they have already been exposed. As a result, national dissemination of programs and standards for arthritis patient education is in progress. In the next decade, researchers will increasingly turn to new populations and methods of delivery, investigation of conditions less well studied, such as osteoporosis, education of patients in generic communication and coping skills, and development of arthritis-specific applications of theory, especially m areas such as social support, control and helplessness, cognitive processing, and pain management