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The Republic of Zambia is a developing country that possesses huge land areas with fertile soil and high potential for agriculture. Despite this, a majority of the population is living below the poverty line. This potential is obviously not realised and commercialisation of smallholder agriculture is therefore an important element of the country’s strategy to reduce poverty and increase economic growth in rural areas as well as on a national level. We found it interesting to investigate how the situation can be improved by implementing a business minded thinking in the farming. The Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency (Sida) has had several initiatives within the Zambian agricultural sector. One such initiative is the Agriculture Support Programme (ASP) that ran between 2003 and 2008. The programme targeted 44 000 small-scale farming households with the goals to improve the food security and increase the income by educating farmers in entrepreneurship and improving their business skills. Since business and entrepreneurship are pillars in ASP the study team found it proper to analyse further, in line with our academic background within industrial engineering and management. The thesis is written i