Enclosed in this thesis work it can be found the results of a three years long re-search activity performed during the XXIV-th cycle of the Ph.D. school in Engi-neering Science of the Universita ́ degli Studi di Ferrara. The topic of this work is concerned about the electrical characterization, physics, modeling and reliability of innovative non-volatile memories, addressing most of the proposed alternative to the floating-gate based memories which currently are facing a technology dead end. Throughout the chapters of this thesis it will be provided a detailed char-acterization of the envisioned replacements for the common NOR and NAND Flash technologies into the near future embedded and MPSoCs (Multi Process-ing System on Chip) systems. In...