PSYCHOLOGICAL SCIENCE Research Article MODELING RESPONSE TIMES FOR TWO-CHOICE DECISIONS

Abstract—The diffusion model for two-choice real-time decisions is applied to four psychophysical tasks. The model reveals how stimulus information guides decisions and shows how the information is processed through time to yield sometimes correct and sometimes incorrect decisions. Rapid two-choice decisions yield multiple empir-ical measures: response times for correct and error responses, the probabilities of correct and error responses, and a variety of interac-tions between accuracy and response time that depend on instructions and task difficulty. The diffusion model can explain all these aspects of the data for the four experiments we present. The model correctly accounts for error response times, something previous models have failed to do. Variability within the decision process explains how errors are made, and variability across trials correctly predicts when errors are faster than correct responses and when they are slower. Making decisions is a ubiquitous part of everyday life. In psychol