SCR Device With Dynamic Holding Voltage for On-Chip ESD Protection in a 0.25- m Fully

(DHVSCR) device is proposed and verified in a 0.25- m/2.5-V salicided CMOS process. In the DHVSCR device structure, the control nMOS and pMOS transistors are directly embedded in SCR device structure. The pro-posed DHVSCR device has the characteristics of tunable holding voltage and holding current by changing the gate voltage of embedded nMOS and pMOS. Under normal circuit operating condition, the DHVSCR has a holding voltage higher than the supply voltage without causing a latch-up issue. Under an electrostatic discharge (ESD) stress condition, the DHVSCR has a lower holding voltage to effectively clamp the overshooting ESD voltage. From the experimental results, the DHVSCR with a device width of 50 m can sustain a human-body-model ESD level of 5.6 kV. Index Terms—Electrostatic discharge (ESD), holding voltage, latch-up, silicon-controlled rectifier (SCR). I