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ii A computationally efficient load distribution model is proposed for both face-milled and face-hobbed hypoid gears produced by Formate and generate processes. Tooth surfaces are defined directly from the cutter parameters and machine settings. A novel methodology based on the ease-off topography is used to determine the unloaded contact patterns. The proposed ease-off methodology finds the instantaneous contact curves through a surface of roll angles, allowing an accurate unloaded tooth contact analysis in a robust and accurate manner. Rayleigh-Ritz based shell models of teeth of the gear and pinion are developed to define the tooth compliances due to bending and shear effects efficiently in a semi-analytical manner. Base rotation and contact deformation effects are also included in the compliance formulations. With this, loaded contact patterns and transmission error of both face-milled and face-hobbed spiral bevel and hypoid gears are computed by enforcing the compatibility and equilibrium conditions of the gear mesh. The proposed model requires significantly less computational effor