The function of good software is to make the complex appear to be simple.

My thesis is the result of the work which was carried out mostly at the laboratories CEDRIC (CNAM-ENSIIE) and LISITE-ISEP. It would not have been possible to com-plete this doctoral thesis without the encouragement, help, and support from many people around me. I would like to express my profound sense of reverence to all of them, not only to some people mentioned here. First of all, I would like to express my sincere thanks and respect to Professor Renaud Rioboo for his expert and patient guidance during my doctoral research during past three years. It is my great honor to be mentored by him. As my thesis's director, I have learnt extensively from him, including the strong enthusiasm for doing research, idea development, proposing convincing arguments and problem-solving techniques. My second and sincere appreciation goes to my supervisors, Professor Matthieu Man-ceny, Professor Olivier Hermant, and Dr. Renaud Pawlak. I owe them a lot of gratitude for their valuable comments and suggestions throughout my studies. Their constant guidance inspired and motivated me, and also made my graduate career done on the right foot.