Anti-inflammatory and Antioxidant Properties of HDLs Are Impaired in Type

OBJECTIVE—In mice, 4F, an apolipoprotein A-I mimetic peptide that restores HDL function, prevents diabetes-induced atheroscle-rosis. We sought to determine whether HDL function is impaired in type 2 diabetic (T2D) patients and whether 4F treatment im-proves HDL function in T2D patient plasma in vitro. RESEARCH DESIGN ANDMETHODS—HDL anti-inflammatory function was determined in 93 T2D patients and 31 control subjects as the ability of test HDLs to inhibit LDL-induced monocyte che-motactic activity in human aortic endothelial cell monolayers. The HDL antioxidant properties were measured using a cell-free assay that uses dichlorofluorescein diacetate. Oxidized fatty acids in HDLs were measured by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. In subgroups of patients and control subjects, the HDL inflammatory index was repeated after incubation with L-4F. RESULTS—The HDL inflammatory index was 1.426 0.29 in T2