Prepared for the Office of Naval Research

Secretary of Defense, the Joint Staff, the unified commands, and the defense agencies under Contract DASWOl-Ol-C-0004. ISBN 0-8330-3586-X The RAND Corporation is a nonprofit research organization providing objective analysis and effective solutions that address the challenges facing the public and private sectors around the world. RAND s publications do not necessarily reflect the opinions of its research clients and sponsors. RAND ® is a registered trademark. © Copyright 2004 RAND Corporation All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form by any electronic or mechanical means (including photocopying, recording, or information storage and retrieval) without permission in writing from RAND. Published 2004 by the RAND Corporatio