Population-level effects of immunocontraception in white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus)

Abstract. In North America, dense populations of white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) in suburbs, cities and towns have stimulated a search for new population-management tools. Most research on deer contraception has focused on the safety andefficacyof immunocontraceptivevaccines, but fewstudies haveexaminedpopulation-level effects.We report here results from two long-term studies of population effects of the porcine zona pellucida (PZP) immunocontraceptive vaccine, a