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The ability to envisage a world different from that which we know is one of the defining characteristics of human experi-ence. This tremendous capacity for mental simulation has cap-tivated psychologists since the earliest enquiries (e.g., James, 1890). Recently, psychologists have proposed the use of simu-lation in tackling one of the most pressing social issues we face: Prejudice on the basis of age, race, religion, or a host of other criteria. Can mental simulations help us develop more effective interventions to reduce prejudice and promote more positive intergroup relations? Opponents argue not, and that such techniques are just too insubstantial when set against deep-rooted prejudices, pervasive conflict, or extreme acts of genocide. In this article, we counter this critique by highlight-ing a range of domains in which mental simulation has been shown to play a central role in the planning and implementa