Complex Interactions of HIV Infection, Malaria, and Iron Deficiency

infection, malaria, and iron deficiency are among the greatest contributors to childhood mortality and the loss of de-velopmental potential in children in low-and middle-income countries, notably in sub-Saharan Africa. HIV infection affects 3.3 million children,>90 % of whom live in sub-Saharan Africa [1]. Malaria is esti-mated to kill>1 million people every year, the majority of whom are children <5 years of age living in sub-Saharan Africa [2]. Iron deficiency anemia affects 800 million people annually, including 42 million African children <5 years of age, and it is one of the 4 most importan