a r t i c l e i n f o Article history:

man-Rakic, 1995), lesion (e.g., Stuss et al., 2000), and neuroimaging studies (Konishi et al., 1998) have supported this functional description of the PFC, and recently researchers have attempted to form a concise characterization of those functions. Executive function (EF) serves as an umbrella term to encompass the goal-oriented control func-tions of the PFC. Relatively complex neuropsychological instruments such as the Wisconsin Card Sort