Self-reported Depressive Symptoms Among Black and Hispanic Frail Elders: A Sociocultural Perspective

This study examined the sources of depressive symptoms experienced by frail Black and Hispanic elderly persons experienced in terms of life strain/stresses and coping resources. Overall, results indicate that women in both groups express more depressive symptoms than do men; and Hispanic elders report more depressive symptoms than do Black elders. Common predictors for the two groups were being female, greater numbers of physical illnesses, poor perceived health, more perceived unmet needs, and less sense of control in life. Unique predictors for the Black elders were a higher level of impairment in instrumental activities of daily living, loss of a significant other, involuntary relocation, and fewer formal care providers. For Hispanic elders, the unique predictor of depressive symptoms was few informal helpers. In comparison with the overall older population, ethnic minority elderly persons have been the most underserved by the mental health system (Butler, Lewis, & Sunderland, 1991). Many elders from other countries still have a strong sense of ethnic identity and therefore have different worldviews, norms, and beliefs that may have an impact on their adjustment to old age as well as on their ability to cope with frailty and chronic life stresses. In 1980, more than 10 % (2.5 million) of the elderly population were persons of a ethnic minority group. By 2025, 15 % of the elderly population is likely to be non-White, and by 2050 the projection is 20 % (Agree, 1987). The rapid growth and large size of the older ethnic minority population implies tha