Comparison of surgical and interventio ere

European Journal of Cardio-thoracic SuObjective: The aim of the study was to analyze immediate results, rate of complications and re-interventions during medium-term outcome in pediatric patients with native or recurrent aortic coarctation. We focused on an age-related therapeutic approach comparing surgical and trans-catheter treatment.Methods: This is a retrospective, single-centre, clinical observational trial including 91 consecutive patients (age: 1 day—18 years) treated for native coarctation in 67 and recurrent aortic coarctation in 24 patients. Surgical treatmentwas performed in 56, trans-catheter treatment with balloon dilatation in 17, and by stent implantation in 18 patients. According to the age groups, we treated 48 children in group A (<6months of age), 16 in group B (6months—6 years), and 27 in group C (>6 years). A total of 41 patients in group Awere operated (85%), patients in group B received either surgical or trans-catheter treatment (50 % vs 50%), and 16 patients in group C were treated by stent implantation (62%). Results: Immediate results were excellent with a significant release of pressure gradient in all three age groups (64.7 % in group A, 69.1 % in group B, and 63.3 % in group C). Complication rate and re-intervention rate (surgical and interventional) were both comparable between the three age groups (complications: group A 8.3%, group B 6.3%, and group C 3.7%; re-interventions: group A 16.6%, group B 18.8%, and group C 18.5%). Midterm outcome after a median follow-up period of 17.5 months was satisfactory with a re-intervention-free survival after 17.5 months of 83.4%, 81.2%, and 81.5 % in group A, group B, and group C, respectively. Conclusions: The current strategy of an age-related therapy for native and recurrent aortic coarctation in our institution is surgery in infants <6 months (group A), either surgery or balloon dilatation in younger patients <6 years (group B), while in older children>6 years of age (group C) the trans-catheter treatment with stent implantation is an excellent alternative to surgery. Balloon dilatations showed limited results with an overall re-intervention rate of 53 % and, therefore, should mainly be performed as