Oxidative Stress, Inflammation, and DNA Damage in Rats after Intratracheal Instillation or Oral Exposure to Ambient Air and Wood Smoke Particulate Matter

Wood combustion is a significant source of ambient particulate matter (PM) in many regions of the world. Exposure occurs through inhalation or ingestion after deposition of wood smoke particulate matter (WSPM) on crops and food. We investigated effects of ambient PM and WSPM by intragastric or intratracheal exposure in terms of oxidative stress, inflammation, genotoxicity, and DNA repair after 24 h in liver and lung tissue of rats. Rats were exposed to WSPM from high or low oxygen combustion and ambient PM collected in areas with and without many operating wood stoves or carbon black (CB) at the dose of 0.64 mg/kg body weight. The levels of 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2#-deoxyguanosine, 1,N6-etheno-2#-deoxyadenosine, and 1-N2-etheno-2#-deoxyguano-sine (edG) were significantly increased with 23 % (95 % confidence interval [CI]: 0.1–45%), 54 % (95 % CI:18–90%), and 73 % (95 % CI: 31–134%) in the liver of rats exposed orally to CB, respectively