OTJR: Occupation, Participation and Health88 Playfulness and the Environmental Support of Play in Children With and Without Developmental Disabilities

The primary purposes of this study were to examine the reliability and validity of the Test of Playfulness (ToP) and the Test of Environmental Supportiveness (TOES), to compare play-fulness and environmental support of play in children with and without developmental dis-abilities, and to examine the correlation between the ToP and the TOES. Participants included 20 children with various developmental disabilities and 20 children without developmental disabilities between 6 and 38 months old. Results revealed the ToP and the TOES to be reli-able and valid. Furthermore, children with developmental disabilities were less playful than children without developmental disabilities. The ToP and the TOES were found to be highly correlated for both groups; however, the magnitude of this correlation was greater for children with disabilities