Saccades to a remembered location elicit spatially specific activation in human retinotopic visual cortex. J Cogn Neurosci 21: 230–245. Available: http://www.mitpressjournals. org/doi/abs/10.1162/jocn.2008.21025. Accessed 31 August 2014. PMID: 18510442

& The possible impact upon human visual cortex from sac-cades to remembered target locations was investigated using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). A specific lo-cation in the upper-right or upper-left visual quadrant served as the saccadic target. After a delay of 2400 msec, an auditory signal indicated whether to execute a saccade to that location (go trial) or to cancel the saccade and remain centrally fixated (no-go). Group fMRI analysis revealed activation specific to the remembered target location for executed saccades, in the contralateral lingual gyrus. No-go trials produced similar, albeit significantly reduced, effects. Individual retinotopic mapping confirmed that on go trials, quadrant-specific activations arose in those parts of ventral V1, V2, and V3 that coded the target location for the saccade, whereas on no-go trials, only the corresponding parts of V2 and V3 were significantly activated. These results indicate that a spatial–motor saccadic task (i.e., making an eye movement to a remembered location) is suffi-cient to activate retinotopic visual cortex spatially correspond-ing to the target location, and that this activation is also present (though reduced) when no saccade is executed. We discuss the implications of finding that saccades to remem-bered locations can affect early visual cortex, not just those structures conventionally associated with eye movements, in relation to recent ideas about attention, spatial working mem-ory, and the notion that recently activated representations can be ‘‘refreshed’ ’ when needed. &amp