Comparison of the Direct and Indirect Effects of Epinephrine on Hepatic Glucose Production

To determine the extent to which the effect of a physiologic increment in epinephrine (EPI) on glucose production (GP) arises indirectly from its action on peripheral tissues (mus-cle and adipose tissue), epinephrine was infused intrapor-tally (EPI po) or peripherally (EPI pe) into 18-h–fasted con-scious dogs maintained on a pancreatic clamp. Arterial EPI levels in EPI po and EPI pe groups rose from 97