research project funded by the Sixth Framework Programme of the European Commission's

Directorate-General for Research (www.libertysecurity.org). CHALLENGE seeks to facilitate a more responsive and responsible assessment of rules and practices of security. It examines the implications of these practices for civil liberties, human rights and social cohesion in an enlarged Europe. The project analyses the illiberal practices of liberal regimes and challenges their justification on grounds of emergency and necessity. ” Unless otherwise indicated, the views expressed are attributable only to the authors in a personal capacity and not to any institution with which they are associated