Parainfluenza virus infection among adults hospitalized for lower respiratory tract infection. Clin. Infect. Dis

To better define the contribution of human parainfluenza viruses (HPIVs) to lower respiratory tract infection in adults, we tested acute- and convalescent-phase serum specimens from hospitalized adults participating in a population-based prospective study of lower respiratory tract infection during 1991–1992. We tested all available specimens from the epidemic seasons for each virus and;300 randomly selected specimens from the corresponding off-seasons for antibodies to HPIV-1, HPIV-2, or HPIV-3. During the respective epidemic season, HPIV-1 infection was detected in 18 (2.5%) of 721 and HPIV-3 infection in 22 (3.1%) of 705 patients with lower respiratory tract infection. Only 2 (0.2%) of 1,057 patients tested positive for HPIV-2 infection. No HPIV-1 infections and only 2 (0.7 % of 281 patients tested) HPIV-3 infections were detected during the off-seasons. HPIV-1 and HPIV-3 were among the four most frequently identified infections associated with lower respiratory tract infection during their respective outbreak seasons. Human parainfluenza viruses (HPIVs) are exceeded only by respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) as important causes of lower respiratory tract infection in young children [1]. Most children are infected at least once with HPIVs by the age of 5 years, but reinfections occur throughout life. Reinfections are more likel