Regulatory Delay and Rulemaking Deadlines

Regulatory delay is one of the most cited problems with US administrative policymaking, and lawmakers frequently impose statutory deadlines on agencies to combat it. Using data on federal rules proposed over a 10-year period, we estimate the impact of statutory dead-lines on the probability that proposed rules were finalized, as well as their impact on the error with which agencies forecasted when rules would be finalized. We find that agencies were more likely to commit to rule finalization by setting a target date for finalization—and, therefore, that agencies were more likely to finalize a proposed rule—if the proposed rule was associated with a statutory deadline. However, we also find that agency target dates provided less accurate forecasts about the timing of finalization when proposed rules were associated with statutory deadlines. This inaccuracy came in the form of “regulatory delay,” which we define as rules being finalized later than agencies initially forecasted via publi-cized target dates. This study is the first to operationalize regulatory delay based on a proxy for stakeholder expectations (agency target dates), and it uncovers a potentially significant impact of imposing deadlines on rulemaking