(Section Editor: M. G. Zeier)

Supported by an educational grant from Ear and kidney malformations with renal failure in an infant: what is the link? Case A male term newborn was admitted because of neonatal renal failure leading to the diagnosis of left hypodysplastic kidney and aplasia of the right kidney on ultrasound. The serum creatinine was 500 mmol/l. There was no history of fetal urological malforma-tion. He also presented other congenital malforma-tions, i.e. bilateral pre-auricular pits and a right branchial fistula (Figure 1). He had no hearing impairment. The parents were healthy and there was no significant family history. Renal impairment was then rapidly progressive and led to terminal renal failure at 2 years of age, while the patient was treated by peritoneal dialysis (PD). A few months later, a renal transplantation was performed. Acute steroid resistant graft rejection occurred on day 27 and led to graft loss, so that PD was again performed, followed by haemodialysis at 4 years of age. At age 6, a second renal transplantation was successfully performed. Question Is this case report suggestive of any known malformative syndrome? Fig. 1. Pre-auricular pit and branchial fistula