Comparison of Revision Surgery With Primary Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction and Outcome of Revision Surgery Between Different Graft Materials

Increases in leisure time and sporting injuries have led to a rapid increase in the number of primary ACL reconstruc-tions. Consequently, the number of failing grafts and need for revision surgery have also risen.29 There are no univer-sally accepted criteria for definition of failure. Four main categories of failure include arthritis and pain problems, loss of motion, extensor mechanism dysfunction, and recur-rence of laxity.18 Most clinical follow-up studies report a failure rate of between 10 % and 20%, although the preva-lence of failure is difficult to determine because of a lack of uniformity in the definition of a failure.4,7,8,13,28,35 Reports in the literature quote inferior results for revision cases when compared with primary ACL reconstruction.17,22 However, with the numerous categories of failure, the population o