Strati cation and Spatial Segregation of Human Capital as Determinants of Metropolitan Productivity in the United States

Summary. This paper explores the dynamics of how the human capital embodied in metropoli-tan populations might impact metropolitan productivity. Three aspects of human capital are examined: the average aggregate level of human capital, strati cation according to human capital and spatial segregation according to human capital. These are measured for the 100 largest metropolitan areas in the US for 1970, 1980 and 1990, and then tested as explanatory variables of metropolitan productivity. Econometric analysis con rms a strong relationship between higher average levels of human capital and higher productivity and growth. Strati cation appears negatively correlated with productivity in 1970 and 1980, but positively correlated in 1990. Segregation appears negatively correlated with productivity in the 1970s, and in 1990 when controlling for strati cation. 1