Research Article HPVSeroconversion FollowingAnal andPenile HPV Infection in HIV-Negative and HIV-Infected MSM

Background: We assessed human papillomavirus (HPV) seroconversion following anal and penile HPV infection in HIV-negative and HIV-infected men who have sex with men (MSM). Methods:MSM aged 18 years were recruited in Amsterdam, the Netherlands (2010–2011), and followed up semiannually. Antibodies against 7 high-risk HPV types in baseline and 12-month serum samples were testedusing amultiplex immunoassay. Baseline, 6-, and12-month anal andpenile sampleswere tested forHPV DNAusing the SPF10-PCRDEIA/LiPA25 system. Statistical analyses were performed using logistic regression with generalized estimating equations. Results: Of 644 MSM included in the analysis, 245 (38%) were HIV-infected. Median age was 38 years for HIV-negative and47years forHIV-infectedMSM(P< 0.001). Seroconversion against1of the 7HPV typeswas observed in 74 of 396 (19%) HIV-negative and 52 of 223 (23%) HIV-infected MSM at risk (P 0.2). Incident [adjustedOR (aOR) 2.0; 95%confidence interval (CI), 1.1–3.4] andpersistent (aOR3.7; 95%CI, 1.5–9.5) analHPV infections were independently associated with type-specific seroconversion in HIV-negative MSM. In HIV-infected MSM, there was a nonsignificant positive association between penile HPV infection at any time point and seroconversion (aOR 1.7; 95 % CI, 0.9–3.2). Conclusions: Incident or persistent anal HPV infection was an independent determinant of seroconversion in HIV-negative MSM. Impact: Our data support that seroresponse may vary per anatomic site and that persistent HPV infections are more likely to elicit a detectable humoral immune response. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 23(11); 2455–61. 2014 AACR