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nc ith of Plasmodium falciparum malaria increases during preg- women during the first months after delivery. Mayor et al. Malaria Journal 2012, 11:130 http://www.malariajournal.com/content/11/1/130[9-11]. The aim of the present study was to determine2Centro de Investigação em Saúde de Manhiça (CISM), Maputo, Mozambique Full list of author information is available at the end of the articlenancy [2] and has been suggested to remain high at early postpartum compared to the same women during preg-nancy [3] and to non-pregnant women [4]. However, other studies have suggested that the rate of parasitaemia decreases after delivery and that women who were parasi-taemic at delivery cleared their parasitaemia spontan-eously at early postpartum [5,6]. Whereas susceptibility It has been suggested that immunity is altered during pregnancy to promote tolerance to foetal antigens [8]. Maintenance of an essentially type 2 cytokine environ-ment, modulation of lymphocyte responses and redistribu-tion of regulatory T cells (reviewed in [1]) appear to be essential for a successful pregnancy. It has been speculated that the period of recovery from immunological and physiological alterations associated with pregnancy may still render puerperal women susceptible to malaria [3]. There is lack of information on the dynamics of anti-bodies against P. falciparum during early postpartu