Direct multiplex amplification of DNA from a formalin fixed, paraffin wax embedded tissue section

The extraction of DNA from formalin fixed, paraYn wax embedded tissue can be problematical, with long protocols pro-ducing low yields. This report describes a very simple and useful method for ampli-fying DNA from formalin fixed, paraYn wax embedded tissue without the need for prior DNA extraction. This method allows direct polymerase chain reaction (PCR) based molecular analysis of fixed tissue. It is an invaluable method if clinical biopsy specimens are to be investigated, because extraction of uncontaminated DNA from such small samples can be very diYcult or even impossible. It will also facilitate the study of intratumour heterogeneity, with the analysis of multiple small areas from within a single tumour section. In addi-tion, this method can be used for other samples where only a few tests are to be carried out and a stock of DNA is not required, thus shortening the analysis time