Economics Glass Ceilings or Glass Doors? Wage Disparity Within and Between Firms

We investigate whether immigrant and minority workers poor access to high-wage jobs that is, glass ceilings is attributable to poor access to jobs in high-wage \u85rms, a phenomenon we call glass doors. Our analysis uses linked employer-employee data to mea-sure mean- and quantile-wage di¤erentials of immigrants and ethnic minorities, both within and across \u85rms. We \u85nd that glass ceilings exist for some immigrant groups, and that they are driven in large measure by glass doors. For some immigrant groups, the sorting of these workers across \u85rms accounts for as much as half of the economy-wide wage disparity they face