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Four patients who developed malignant synovial tumours are described; one with chondromatosis developed a synovial chondrosarcoma and three with pigmented villonodular synovitis developed malignant change. The relevant literature is discussed. Primary synovial pathology is almost always benign. The most commonly observed change is inflammation, but conditions such as syn-ovial chondromatosis and pigmented villo-nodular synovitis are sometimes seen. Primary malignant synovial pathology is extremely rare. Over the last ten years in our specialist musculoskeletal tumour unit we have treated only four patients with primary malignant syn-ovial tumours. We present their cases and review the literature. Synovial chondrosarcom