Plasma pyridoxal 5’-phosphate in the US population: The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2003–2004

Background: No large-scale, population-based study has consid-ered the descriptive epidemiology of vitamin B-6 status with use of plasma pyridoxal 5-phosphate (PLP), the indicator of vitamin B-6 adequacy used to set the current Recommended Dietary Allowance, which is2 mg/d for all subgroups. Objectives: We sought to examine the epidemiology of vitamin B-6 status in the US population. Methods: In6000 participants aged1 y in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2003–2004), we considered re-lations between plasma PLP and various subject characteristics and examined trends in plasma PLP and homocysteine with vitamin B-6 intake, both overall and in selected subgroups. Results: In males, plasma PLP decreased with age after adolescence only in nonusers of supplemental vitamin B-6. Regardless of sup-plement use, plasma PLP concentrations of women of childbearing age were significantly lower than those of comparably aged men, and most oral contraceptive users had plasma PLP 20 nmol/L. The prevalence of low plasma PLP was significantly3 % at vitamin B-6 intakes from 2 to 2.9 mg/d in all subgroups and at intakes from 3 to 4.9 mg/d in smokers, the elderly, non-Hispanic blacks, and current and former oral contraceptive users. Intakes from 3 to 4.9 mg/d compared with2 mg/d were associated with significant protection from low plasma PLP in most subgroups and from hyperhomocys-teinemia in the elderly. Conclusions: Vitamin B-6 intakes of 3 to 4.9 mg/d appear consistent with the definition of a Recommended Dietary Allowance for most Americans. However, at that intake level, substantial proportions of some population subgroups may not meet accepted criteria for ad-equate vitamin B-6 status. Am J Clin Nutr 2008;87:1446–54