Ubiquitous Externalities: Characteristics, Climate, and Implications for Post-Acquisition Behaviors

The goal of this article is to raise awareness and encourage further research about uncalculated costs and benefits of exchange, often called externalities. Externalities are costs and benefits not calculated into the exchange equation, accruing to exchange actors or to others. This article provides a conceptual foundation of how externalities ’ studies fit with exchange, relationships, and social systems. We delineate characteristics that differentiate one externality from another and offer potential for creatin