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2 Migraine is a common neurological disorder and is characterized by debilitating head pain and an assortment of additional symptoms which can include nausea, emesis, photophobia, phonophobia and occasionally visual sensory disturbances. A number of genes have been implicated in the pathogenesis of this disease, including genes involved in regulating the vascular system. Of particular importance is the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase gene (MTHFR) and the role it plays in migraine with aura (MA). MA has previously been shown to have a significant co-morbidity with stroke making the vascular class of genes a priority for migraine studies. In this report we outline the importance of the MTHFR gene in migraine and also discuss the use of a genetic isolate to investigate associated genetic variants. From this study, three MTHFR SNPs showing association with migraine in the Norfolk Island population have been discovered, thus reinforcing the importance of the role MTHFR plays in migraine susceptibility. Further studies will continue to build a gene profile of variants involved in the complex disease migraine and improve understanding of the underlying genetic causes of this disorder