INVITED REVIEW THE DEFINITION OF ALCOHOLISM

Abstract — Formulations of alcohol dependence are continuously refreshed, in line with changing concepts and altered needs. Two new descriptions have been prepared: the revised WHO criteria for substance use disorders and an educative definition of alcoholism. The major sets of diagnostic criteria provided by WHO and by the American Psychiatnc Association are moving closer together but have not solved all the semantic problems. More refined assessments are also available to quicken fulfilment of the long-awaited hope that treatments can be matched to patients. Two formulations of alcoholism have been recently published, respectively by the World Health Organization and by a U.S.A. committee that has a distinguished provenance. Diagnostic categories for mental and behavioural disorders form Chapter V(F) of the Tenth International Classification of Diseases (ICD-10). A manual now provides their descriptions and gives diagnostic guidelines (World Health Organization, 1992). The volume is the final version of repeated drafts which were reviewed by expert panels, national and international psychiatric societies, and by individual consultants. The field trials conducted on an earlier draft formed the most extensive research project of its kind. Governments provided finance and other support. Organizations which participated included the World Psychiatri